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Part of Hardening and Configuration Review5 services in this practice area

Fix Cloud Drift Before Attackers Find It

Cloud Security Configuration Assessment

We assess your cloud accounts against the CIS Foundations Benchmarks and provider baselines. You learn exactly which settings are exposed, why they matter, and how to close them without breaking your workloads.

See the engagement path, 6 phasesSee the full Hardening and Configuration Review service index

Overview

Cloud estates drift. A quick fix from six months ago leaves a bucket public, a security group open, or logging switched off. This assessment reads your live configuration across identity, network, storage, logging and workload settings, then compares it to the CIS Foundations Benchmark for each provider. We separate real exposure from benchmark noise, so your team spends effort where it counts. You finish with a scorecard and a runbook, not a raw scanner dump.

Methodology

How the Engagement Runs

Every phase has a named output, so you always know what is being worked on and what lands on your side of the table.

The Engagement, End to End

6 Phases, 6 Named Handovers

Flow

Flow chart of the Cloud Security Configuration Assessment engagement, 6 phases in order, each one selectable. Phase 1, Scoping and Baseline Selection. We agree which accounts, subscriptions and projects are in scope, and pick the right CIS Foundations Benchmark version for each provider. We confirm read-only access and any regions or services to exclude. Activities: Inventory in-scope AWS accounts, Azure subscriptions and GCP projects; Select the matching CIS Foundations Benchmark version per provider; Provision read-only assessor roles and confirm access; Agree excluded regions, services and maintenance windows. Hands over Scope and Baseline Agreement with Read-Only Access Confirmed. Phase 2, Evidence and Config Collection. Using read-only roles we pull configuration across IAM, networking, storage, logging and compute. We snapshot the state so findings are reproducible and tied to evidence. Activities: Export IAM users, roles, policies and key age data; Capture security group, NACL and VPC peering configuration; Record storage bucket ACLs, encryption and public access settings; Snapshot CloudTrail, Azure Monitor and GCP audit log settings. Hands over Timestamped Configuration Evidence Set. Phase 3, Benchmark Comparison. We run automated checks with ScoutSuite, Prowler and provider-native tooling, then map results to CIS controls and your own policy where you have one. Activities: Run Prowler and ScoutSuite across every in-scope account; Pull findings from Security Hub and Defender for Cloud; Map each result to its CIS Foundations control number; Flag deviations from your own internal cloud policy. Hands over Draft CIS Benchmark Scorecard. Phase 4, Manual Review of Risky Settings. We manually verify the high-impact items: public exposure, over-broad IAM, missing encryption, and gaps in logging. This filters false positives and catches issues benchmarks miss. Activities: Confirm which buckets and endpoints are reachable from the internet; Trace wildcard IAM permissions and privilege escalation paths; Check encryption at rest and key rotation on data stores; Verify MFA and conditional access on privileged identities; Discard false positives with a documented reason. Hands over Validated Exposure List. Phase 5, Prioritised Findings. Each finding is rated by real exposure and blast radius, with the affected resources listed so your team can act without hunting. Activities: Rate each finding by exposure and blast radius; List affected resource ARNs and IDs per finding; Group findings by owning team and account; Walk the engineering team through the top items. Hands over Cloud Configuration Findings Report. Phase 6, Remediation and Re-Check. We hand over fix guidance mapped to each control, then re-run the checks after your changes to confirm the scorecard has moved. Activities: Write fix steps and Terraform snippets per control; Support your team through the change windows; Re-run Prowler and ScoutSuite after the fixes land; Reissue the scorecard showing the movement. Hands over Re-Check Report and Updated Scorecard. Each phase begins from the artefact the phase before it produced.

Phase 01 Scoping and Baseline Selection

We agree which accounts, subscriptions and projects are in scope, and pick the right CIS Foundations Benchmark version for each provider. We confirm read-only access and any regions or services to exclude.

What Happens In This Phase

  • Inventory in-scope AWS accounts, Azure subscriptions and GCP projects
  • Select the matching CIS Foundations Benchmark version per provider
  • Provision read-only assessor roles and confirm access
  • Agree excluded regions, services and maintenance windows

The Handover

Scope and Baseline Agreement with Read-Only Access Confirmed

The next phase starts from this.

Read the handover cards on their own and you have the paper trail. Select a phase to see what happens inside it.
  1. 01

    Scoping and Baseline Selection

    We agree which accounts, subscriptions and projects are in scope, and pick the right CIS Foundations Benchmark version for each provider. We confirm read-only access and any regions or services to exclude.

    OutputScope and Baseline Agreement with Read-Only Access Confirmed

    Activities

    • Inventory in-scope AWS accounts, Azure subscriptions and GCP projects
    • Select the matching CIS Foundations Benchmark version per provider
    • Provision read-only assessor roles and confirm access
    • Agree excluded regions, services and maintenance windows
  2. 02

    Evidence and Config Collection

    Using read-only roles we pull configuration across IAM, networking, storage, logging and compute. We snapshot the state so findings are reproducible and tied to evidence.

    OutputTimestamped Configuration Evidence Set

    Activities

    • Export IAM users, roles, policies and key age data
    • Capture security group, NACL and VPC peering configuration
    • Record storage bucket ACLs, encryption and public access settings
    • Snapshot CloudTrail, Azure Monitor and GCP audit log settings
  3. 03

    Benchmark Comparison

    We run automated checks with ScoutSuite, Prowler and provider-native tooling, then map results to CIS controls and your own policy where you have one.

    OutputDraft CIS Benchmark Scorecard

    Activities

    • Run Prowler and ScoutSuite across every in-scope account
    • Pull findings from Security Hub and Defender for Cloud
    • Map each result to its CIS Foundations control number
    • Flag deviations from your own internal cloud policy
  4. 04

    Manual Review of Risky Settings

    We manually verify the high-impact items: public exposure, over-broad IAM, missing encryption, and gaps in logging. This filters false positives and catches issues benchmarks miss.

    OutputValidated Exposure List

    Activities

    • Confirm which buckets and endpoints are reachable from the internet
    • Trace wildcard IAM permissions and privilege escalation paths
    • Check encryption at rest and key rotation on data stores
    • Verify MFA and conditional access on privileged identities
    • Discard false positives with a documented reason
  5. 05

    Prioritised Findings

    Each finding is rated by real exposure and blast radius, with the affected resources listed so your team can act without hunting.

    OutputCloud Configuration Findings Report

    Activities

    • Rate each finding by exposure and blast radius
    • List affected resource ARNs and IDs per finding
    • Group findings by owning team and account
    • Walk the engineering team through the top items
  6. 06

    Remediation and Re-Check

    We hand over fix guidance mapped to each control, then re-run the checks after your changes to confirm the scorecard has moved.

    OutputRe-Check Report and Updated Scorecard

    Activities

    • Write fix steps and Terraform snippets per control
    • Support your team through the change windows
    • Re-run Prowler and ScoutSuite after the fixes land
    • Reissue the scorecard showing the movement

Specification

What We Run, and What We Measure You Against

The tooling our engineers use on this work, and the published standards the findings and evidence are mapped to.

Scope

What Is Examined, and What it Is Measured Against

Map

Map of the Cloud Security Configuration Assessment scope, running left to right in three stages. Stage one, what we run, 9 tools and techniques: ScoutSuite, Prowler, CIS-CAT Pro, AWS Config, AWS Security Hub, Microsoft Defender for Cloud, Azure Security Center, Trivy, gcloud and Cloud Asset Inventory. Stage two, findings from all of it are proven by hand and written up once. Stage three, measured against 7 published standards: CIS AWS Foundations Benchmark, CIS Microsoft Azure Foundations Benchmark, CIS Google Cloud Platform Foundations Benchmark, CIS Kubernetes Benchmark, NIST SP 800-53, AWS, Azure and GCP Well-Architected security baselines, MITRE ATT&CK for Cloud.

What We Run

9 tools

  • ScoutSuite
  • Prowler
  • CIS-CAT Pro
  • AWS Config
  • AWS Security Hub
  • Microsoft Defender for Cloud
  • Azure Security Center
  • Trivy
  • gcloud and Cloud Asset Inventory

Converges On

One Set of Proven Findings

Every issue is reproduced by hand before it is written down, and it is written down once.

Measured Against

7 standards

  • CISAWS Foundations
  • CISMicrosoft Azure Foundations
  • CISGoogle Cloud Platform Foundations
  • CISKubernetes
  • NIST SP 800-53
  • CSPAWS, Azure, GCPWell-Architected
  • MITRE ATT&CK for Cloud
One pass of testing and analysis, one set of findings, then that single set is graded against every standard on the right. You are not paying for the same work once per framework.

Deliverables

What You Receive

  • Cloud configuration findings report
  • CIS benchmark scorecard by account
  • Cloud hardening runbook
  • Re-check report after remediation

Scope This Engagement

Tell us about your environment, your timelines and any audit dates you are working to. We come back with scope, effort and a start date.

Questions

What Clients Ask Us

Something here not covered? Ask Us Directly.

Which version of the CIS Benchmark do you assess us against, and what happens to controls we cannot meet?

We fix the CIS Foundations Benchmark version per provider during scoping, and controls you cannot meet stay visible on the scorecard as accepted deviations with a reason rather than being quietly marked as passed. Your AWS accounts, Azure subscriptions and GCP projects each get the benchmark published for that platform, agreed in the first phase alongside the read-only roles and the regions, services and maintenance windows you want excluded. Pinning the version matters because control numbering shifts between releases: if we grade you against one release and your auditor reads another, the references stop lining up and you spend the audit reconciling paperwork. The same discipline runs in the other direction. Where an automated check fires on something that is not a real problem, the false positive is discarded with a documented reason rather than silently, and where your own internal cloud policy differs from the benchmark, that deviation is flagged too, so the next assessment opens from a written position instead of reopening the same argument.

You work from read-only access, so what can this assessment not see, and does that limit the findings?

Read-only assessor roles are all we take, and that boundary does limit what the assessment can tell you, which is worth understanding before you buy it. We provision the roles with you in the first phase, and every change to your estate stays in your hands: we write the fix steps, your engineers apply them during your own change windows. What those roles read is configuration. They see identity and policy, network rules, storage exposure and public access settings, encryption and key rotation on data stores, and whether logging is switched on and retained. They do not read the contents of your data stores, decrypt anything, or reach into running application logic, so a broken authorisation check inside your own code will not surface here. Read-only access also cannot prove that an over-permissive role is exploitable in practice, because proving that means using it. Our Cloud Penetration Testing service covers that question.

Benchmark tooling flags hundreds of items on our estate, so how do you decide what we should actually fix?

We rank by real exposure and blast radius, not by the volume the automated checks produce. A first pass across a mature estate routinely flags hundreds of items, and much of that is duplicated across accounts or technically true but unreachable, which is why an unfiltered scanner dump tends to sit unread. The manual review phase exists for this. We confirm by hand which buckets and endpoints are genuinely reachable from the internet, trace wildcard permissions to where they actually lead, check encryption and key rotation on data stores, verify multi-factor and conditional access on privileged identities, and discard false positives with a written reason so nobody re-litigates them next quarter. What survives is rated on exposure and blast radius, listed with the affected resource identifiers, and grouped by the team that owns the account, so the report splits into work queues. We then walk your engineering team through the top items, because a report read cold rarely lands the same way.

Our configuration drifts constantly, so how do you handle changes made after remediation, and is a retest included?

A retest is included in the engagement: once your changes land we re-run the checks and reissue the scorecard showing the movement, so you can see which controls actually closed rather than taking the fix on trust. That said, be honest about what a scorecard is. It is a photograph of one moment, taken from a timestamped evidence set, and a console change made the week after will not appear in it. Drift is the normal condition of a cloud estate, not a failure on your side, which is why the hardening runbook is written to outlive the report: fix guidance is mapped to each control with infrastructure-as-code snippets, so the correction goes into the pipeline that builds the environment instead of being clicked in once. Teams who fold the same benchmark checks into their own deployment pipeline and reassess at an agreed interval hold their score; teams who only remediate by hand watch it slide back.

How does this differ from cloud penetration testing, and which of the two should we run first?

This assessment tells you which settings are wrong across your estate; a cloud penetration test tells you how far an attacker gets by abusing them. The difference is breadth against depth. Here we read configuration across identity, networking, storage, logging and compute in every in-scope account, grade it against the benchmark, and verify the risky items by hand, but we stop short of exploiting anything. Our Cloud Penetration Testing service begins where this one ends: it follows identity attack paths from a foothold, escalates privileges across roles, pivots between services, and traces the blast radius of a leaked credential, with a proof of concept behind each finding. Which comes first depends on where you are. If your accounts have never been benchmarked, start here, because paying for exploitation of a public bucket teaches you little. If your baseline is already clean, the penetration test is the sharper spend.

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